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Captain Raymond C. "Jerry" Roberts, MBE (18 November 1920 – 25 March 2014) was a British wartime codebreaker and businessman. During World War II, Roberts was worked at the Government Code and Cypher School (GC&CS) at Bletchley Park from 1941-45. He was a leading codebreaker and linguist, who worked on the Tunny cipher system — Hitler's most top-level code. Roberts was born in Wembley, London. His father Herbert, had trained as pharmacist, but worked for Lloyds Bank head office in the City for the rest of his 40-year career (since coming to London from Wales in 1915). His mother Leticia was a pianist and an organist who played in the local chapel. He was educated at Latymer Upper School, Hammersmith in London 1933-39 and University College London 1939-41. He gained a degree in German and French. ==War service== Early in World War II, his tutor at University College London, Prof. Leonard Willoughby, who had worked during the First World War in Room 40 the main cipher-breaking unit of that time, recommended the twenty-year-old Jerry as a German linguist to the Government Code and Cypher School at Bletchley Park where he was interviewed and accepted by Col. John Tiltman as a codebreaker and linguist. Roberts was one of the four founder members of the Testery in October 1941. After a few months of breaking of a Double Playfair cipher system used by the German Military Police, the team was tasked with breaking the German High Command’s most top-level code Tunny, after Bill Tutte had successfully diagnosed the logic of the Tunny system in Spring 1942. Captain Roberts was one of the three original senior linguist-cryptanalysts working on the daily breaking of Tunny. The other two were Maj. Denis Oswald and Capt. Peter Ericsson. Ralph Tester was the head of the unit (a linguist but not codebreaker). Roberts was one of the three shift-leaders in the Testery (total staff 118 by 1945), and worked there until 1945 War’s end. By the end of the War, the Testery had grown to 9 cryptanalysts, a team of 24 ATS, a total staff of 118, organised in three shifts working round the clock. Messages broken by hand amounted to 1.5 million pieces within 1st year of its foundation. After the Testery had been breaking Tunny for a year by hand, the Newmanry became active in July 1943. The Newmanry developed and used machine methods to help speed up one stage — breaking of the chi-wheels but the psi-wheels and motor-wheels were still broken by hand in the Testery. From mid-1943 onwards, the Testery is credited with breaking over 90% of Tunny traffic. Tunny was Adolf Hitler’s most secret code system and had 12 wheels against well-known 3 wheel Enigma. Tunny was only declassified in 2002 compared with Enigma in the 1970s. Tunny carried only the highest grade of intelligence; messages signed only by a handful of top Generals and Fieldmarshals, included Adolf Hitler himself. Used between Army HQ in Berlin and the Generals and Field Marshals in the field. Many were signed by Field Marshals; von Rundstedt, Rommel, Keitel, Jodl etc. – as well as a number of messages signed by the Führer himself. Tens of thousands of Tunny messages were intercepted by the British and broken at Bletchley Park by Capt. Roberts and his fellow code-breakers in the Testery. These messages contained much vital insight into top-level German thinking and planning. Tunny provided vital information that changed the course of the War in Europe and saved tens of millions of lives at critical junctures — such as the Battle of Kursk in Russia, and D-Day. Gen. Dwight Eisenhower (later the U.S President) said after the War "Bletchley decrypts shortened the War by at least 2 years". Tunny decrypts made major contributions to winning the War. Much of this was down to the work of Bill Tutte and the Testery breaking Tunny messages. Enigma decrypts helped Britain not to lose the War in 1941. Tunny decrypts helped shorten the European War by at least 2 years. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Jerry Roberts」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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